A Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) is a specialised diagnostic test used to evaluate the function and integrity of the peripheral nerves. It measures the speed and strength of electrical signals transmitted through the nerves, helping diagnose neuromuscular disorders, nerve injuries, and conditions affecting nerve-muscle communication. NCS is often performed alongside Electromyography (EMG) for a comprehensive assessment of the peripheral nervous system.

NCS is commonly used to detect conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, ulnar nerve entrapment, diabetic neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and nerve injuries caused by trauma or compression. It provides precise information about the location, severity, and type of nerve damage, differentiating between demyelinating disorders (slowed conduction) and axonal degeneration (reduced signal strength).

During the procedure, small electrodes are placed on the skin over the nerves being tested. A mild electrical pulse is delivered through the stimulating electrode, and the resulting response is recorded by the sensing electrode. The patient may feel a brief tingling or twitching sensation during stimulation, but the procedure is generally safe, minimally uncomfortable, and non-invasive. The entire test usually takes 30–60 minutes, depending on the number of nerves studied. The data from NCS is analysed by neurologists or neurophysiologists to determine conduction velocity, amplitude, and latency. These measurements help in diagnosing nerve pathologies, planning treatment, monitoring recovery, and evaluating the effectiveness of medical or surgical interventions.

Nerve Conduction Studies are essential in neurology, orthopaedics, and rehabilitation medicine, providing early detection of nerve disorders, guiding therapy, and improving patient outcomes. By accurately identifying nerve dysfunction, NCS contributes to targeted treatment, symptom relief, and enhanced quality of life for patients with neuromuscular conditions.