Lithotripsy is a non-invasive medical procedure used to treat kidney stones, ureteric stones, and occasionally gallstones by breaking them into smaller fragments that can be passed naturally through the urinary tract. This technique significantly reduces the need for open surgery, offering patients a safer, less painful, and faster alternative for stone removal. The most commonly used method is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), where focused shock waves generated outside the body are directed at the stone using X-ray or ultrasound guidance. The shock waves fragment the stone into small pieces, which are then eliminated through urine over several days. Lithotripsy is effective for stones located in the kidney, ureter, or bladder, typically ranging from 4 mm to 2 cm in size.

Before the procedure, imaging studies such as X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan are performed to locate the stone and assess its size, density, and position. The patient lies on a treatment table, often under mild sedation or local anaesthesia, while the shock waves are delivered in a series of sessions depending on the stone’s characteristics. Lithotripsy is generally safe, with a low risk of complications. Some patients may experience mild discomfort, hematuria (blood in urine), or temporary passage of stone fragments. Post-procedure care includes hydration, pain management, and follow-up imaging to confirm complete stone clearance. Patients are also advised on lifestyle and dietary modifications to prevent recurrence.

The Lithotripsy service is closely integrated with urology, nephrology, radiology, and rehabilitation services to ensure comprehensive care. By providing a minimally invasive, efficient, and effective treatment, lithotripsy improves patient outcomes, reduces hospitalisation, and enables quicker return to daily activities, making it a cornerstone in modern urological care.