Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique used to evaluate blood flow in arteries and veins throughout the body. It is an essential tool in cardiology, vascular medicine, and radiology, providing critical information about blood circulation, vessel patency, and the presence of blockages, clots, or abnormalities. The test helps in diagnosing conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, varicose veins, aneurysms, and congenital vascular anomalies.

Doppler ultrasound works on the principle of the Doppler effect, measuring the change in frequency of sound waves as they reflect off moving red blood cells. This allows clinicians to assess the speed, direction, and quality of blood flow in real time. Colour Doppler and spectral Doppler technologies enhance visualisation by displaying blood flow in different colours and generating velocity graphs, aiding in precise interpretation.

The procedure is safe, painless, and does not use ionising radiation, making it suitable for patients of all ages, including pregnant women. It is commonly performed on the carotid arteries, peripheral limbs, abdominal vessels, renal arteries, and deep veins. During the examination, a trained sonographer applies a small amount of gel on the area of interest and moves a handheld transducer to capture images and flow data.

Doppler ultrasound plays a vital role in both diagnosis and follow-up. It helps evaluate the severity of vascular disease, plan interventions such as stenting or bypass surgery, and monitor postoperative outcomes. It is also used to assess fetal blood flow during high-risk pregnancies. By providing real-time, accurate, and non-invasive assessment of blood flow, Doppler ultrasound contributes significantly to early detection, treatment planning, and improved outcomes in patients with vascular disorders, ensuring patient safety and comfort